Internal-combustion engine



H. C. READING.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.-

APPLICATION man MAR. 31. m0.

L 2. 9 1T E 9% 24 .8 Wm w d4 n m P H. c. READING. I INTERNALCOMBUSTION ENGI'NE. APPLICATION FILED MAR- 311 1920.

1,398,647, Patented N0v.'29,1921.'

4 SHEETSSHEET 2- H. C. READING.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE;

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 3h I920.

Patented Nov. 29

1921. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

1H. 0. READING. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAAR.V3II 1920.

Patented Nov. 29, 1921.

1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

naaonn oonnnnrns nnamne, or nnwsBUaY, ENGLAND.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of'Letters Patent.

To allwhomitmag conom: 7

Be it known that i, HAROLD CORNELIUS READING, a subject of the King of Great Britain residing at Union Bank Chambers, Dewshury, in the county of York, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification. v

This invention comprises certainimprovements in orfrelating to internal-combustion engines, particularly of the two-stroke type.

The present invention comprises an internal-combustion engine, in which explosive mixture is introduced into a chamber from which it is, injected. by a part moving with the piston into the explosion space to admix therein with air, advantageously admitted to said explosion space for pre-compressio'n} This function is advantageously attained by the utilization of a pump element moving with the piston adaptedto induce a charge and to inject the charge through a non-return valve into the explosion chamber. The said pump element advantageously comprises a sleeve-like extensionof the cylinder, and tho ingress of the explosive mixture to' the pump may take place'through a non-return to the appended valve or through ports opened by the operation of the pump In order that this invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into practice, reference may 'rbe had explanatory drawings, upon which I I Figure lillustrates in sectional elevation an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. Q'illustrates insectional elevationv a modified embodiment of the present invention. w

Fig. ,3 illustrates in sectional elevation a further modification of the invention.

Fig. 4 illustrates in sectional elevation a still further modification of the invention.

In convenient embodiment of the presentinvention, and referring to Fig. 1, the

sleeve of thepiston; this. fixed sleeve may carry piston rings f working in relation to the internal surface of the piston sleeve. Within its sleevethe piston carries'a projection g which may be in the nature of a closed hollowcone or elongated thimble; this projection is adapted to move into and Patented Nov. 29, 19-21.

out of a similar thimble h fitted in the fixed sleeve of the cylinder. This last-mentioned thimble is, however, at its end remote ffrom the piston placed in communication withj the cylinder through a transfer; passage controlled by a non-return valvei. The carbureter'is in communication with the outermost extremity of thejfixed sleeve.. Ports j are provided at or nearrth e innermost extremity of this fixed sleeve, and in the transfer passage between the fixed thimble and the combustion chamber lcommunication. is provided withthe annular space 7c in which the moving sleeve Works. vUpon the suc- 'tion stroke, therefore, vacuum is created in the fixed thimble IL and also in the annular space in which the moving sleeve works. As soonas themoving sleeve uncovers the ports j in the fixed sleeve, rich mixture from the carbureter passing through the interior of the fixed sleeve is enabled to flow through the ports into the annular passage andto find its way into the fixed thimble 9. Upon the compression stroke this charge is trapped, compressed within. the thimble by the moving thimble, and also by the moving sleeve; by this means rich mixture is injected through the ,non-return valve intothe explosion space a, in which pure air resldes under a less pressure than that under which the rich mixture has been injected. The ultimate mixture is fired in the region atwhich the rich mixture is injected to produce the power stroke. Upon completion of thispower stroke an exhaust opening is uncovered in the cylinder wall, and a transfer port is also uncoveredto admit pure air from, the crank chamber. Since the precompressing of this pure air in the crank chamber takes place over the entire area of the piston, and since the said pure, air is transferred to the explosion space, which does not occupy the entire area of the piston, an. effective scavenging is obtained with a substantial'quantity, of pure The non-return valve 2'. controlling the transfer passage from the fixed thimbleto' the explosion space may comprise a conical valve having a sleeve Z working upon a projection m, so that the said sleeve contains an air cushion, this air cushion, as well as a suitable coiled spring a, being adapted to retain the valve in relation to its seat.

In the modified embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 2, the piston is provided with a sleeve extension 0 adapted to work within an extension 29 of the cylinder. With this extension 79 of the cylinder the carbureter is placed in communication by way of the non-return valve 9 which may resemble that designated z'in Fig.1. In the down-stroke of the piston, rich mixture induced into the space r, and upon the upstroke of the piston this rich mixture is injected by way of ports 8, the non-return valve t (which again may resemble that designated i in .1) and the conduit a into the explosion space e by way of orifices ea. In this illustration, 0; is the exhaust opening, and z the transfer passage for the precompressed charge into which the rich mixture from the" conduit a is injected.

The modification illustrated in Fig. 8 is similar to that illustrated by F ig. 1, with the exception that the thimble g of the lastmentioned figure is omitted.

For this reason, reference 'letters have been placed upon Fig. 8 corresponding with those which have been utilized in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 illustrates in part a modification of the parts shown in the preceding figures. In this embodiment 3 is the sleeve-like extension of the piston working within the sleevelike extension 4 of the cylinder and around the fixed sleeve 5, the interior of which is in communication with the carbureter. At or near the conclusion of the down stroke of the piston, the carburetor is placed in com munication with the interior of the sleeve 3 by a series o1 ports 6 provided at or near the uppermost extremity of said sleeve. Upon the rip-stroke of the piston the charge within the sleeve 3 is trapped, and said trapped charge is injected into the explosion space through anon-return valve 7 by way of a port or ports 8. These ports may be so arranged at varying heights that when there is a free chargewithin the sleeve 3 the mixture is discharged through all of the ports, whereas in the case of a partial charge the valve 7 is not displaced in the same degree, with the result that only the. port in proximity to the sparking-plug is uncovered. The ports 8 may, if desired, be located at an angle, if necessary, to provide "for the thorough mixing of the mixture with the air charge. The valve 7 may have a pneumatic cushion as described in connection with the valve 2' of F ig. 1, and if desired a tension spring 9. may be provided and arranged to Any combination of the ingress and egress arrangements for the mixture shown in the several modifications may, alternatively, be utilized.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is r g 1. In an internal combustion engine having a carbureter, a cylinder having a combustion chamber and an extension and a conduit arranged'for connection to the carbureter and leading from said. extension to the combustion chamber of the cylinder, a valve in said conduit arranged to close against pressure from the combustion chamber, and a piston in the cylinder and having means to draw a rich mixture into the said extension at its outstroke, and at its inst'roke to force said rich mixture through said conduit into said combustion chamber.

2. In an internal combustion engine having a carbureter, a cylinder having a combustion chamber andan extension and, a conduit arranged for connection to the'carbureter and leading from said extension to the combustion chamber of the cylinder, a valve in said conduit arranged to close against pressure from the combustion chamber, and a piston in the cylinder, having an extension arranged to open said conduit and draw a rich mixture into the extension of the cylin- I der at an outstroke of the piston, and at an instroke of the piston to force said rich mixture through said conduit into said combustion chamber and then close said conduit. 7

3. In an internal combustion. engine having a carbureter, a cylinder having a combustion chamber and an extension and a conduit arranged for connection to theca-rbureter and leading from said extension to the combustion chamber of the cylinder, a valve in said conduit arranged to close against pressure "from the combustion chamber, and a piston in the cylinder, having a hollow cylindrical extension arranged, to open said conduit and draw a rich, mixture into the extension of the, cylinder at an outstroke of the piston, and at an instroke ot the piston to force said rich mixture through said conduit into said combustion chamber and then close said conduit, said cylinder extension having an annular space communicating with said'conduit and in which said piston extension'operates.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand, 7

. HAROLD CORNELIUS READING- 

